ROLE OF THE STUDIED PARAMETERS IN ACHIEVING TARGET GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH DIFFERENT EJECTION FRACTIONS

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular complications, including heart failure. Patients with T2DM develop heart failure more frequently and have a less favorable prognosis than individuals without disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism. Metabolic disturbances in T2DM contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial damage. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is considered an important indicator of glycemic control and is associated with the risk of developing heart failure. Research findings indicate that reductions in HbA1c are accompanied by a lower likelihood of developing heart failure, whereas HbA1c variability is associated with an increased risk of macrovascular complications and mortality in patients with T2DM. However, the relationship between HbA1c levels and clinical and instrumental parameters in heart failure remains insufficiently studied.