TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PHENOTYPES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS
Published: 2026-04-18
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the mechanisms of cardiovascular risk (CVR) differ fundamentally across pathogenetic phenotypes. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) occurs in 55–75% of patients with T2DM and is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Patterns of liver injury across different pathogenetic phenotypes of T2DM have not been studied. The insulin-resistant phenotype (SIRD) is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis, whereas the age-related phenotype (MARD) carries predominantly organ-mediated risk through arterial hypertension (AH) and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Distinguishing these pathways is critically important for personalizing preventive therapy.
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